DC Tax Collections and Fiscal Structure The District raises tax revenue from several primary sources, with individual income taxes accounting for the largest share at approximately 30 percent of total state and local tax collections. Property taxes follow closely at approximately 29 percent of the total. General sales taxes contribute about 19 percent of total revenue. Corporate income taxes account for approximately 11 percent of collections. Other taxes, including excise taxes on alcohol, tobacco, motor vehicles, and utilities, as well as estate and gift taxes and other miscellaneous taxes, make up the remaining 11 percent. Nova Tax & Accounting Services provides comprehensive tax preparation and planning for individuals and businesses navigating this complex fiscal environment. Key fiscal metrics for the District include tax collections per capita of approximately fifteen thousand dollars annually. This figure is among the highest in the nation, reflecting both the District’s relatively high per capita income and its tax rate structure. Debt per capita is approximately thirty thousand to thirty-two thousand dollars, representing the District’s outstanding bonded indebtedness divided by population. The public pension funded ratio is approximately 113 to 118 percent, which is a relatively strong position compared to many states that have significant unfunded pension liabilities. Why DC Faces Tax Competitiveness Challenges Several structural issues contribute to the District’s low tax competitiveness. The highly progressive individual income tax has seven brackets with a top rate of 10.75 percent, which is among the highest in the nation. The absence of inflation indexing means taxpayers are pushed into higher brackets over time without legislative action as wages increase with the cost of living. Federal law that prohibits DC from taxing nonresident income means workers can live in lower-tax states like Virginia with its flat 5.75 percent rate or Maryland with its lower progressive top rates while working in DC. The high property tax burden ranks DC near the bottom nationally. The estate tax with its relatively low exemption threshold captures more estates than in many states. For assistance navigating these challenges, expert tax solutions are available from Nova Tax & Accounting. The District’s Fiscal Position Despite its low tax competitiveness, DC maintains a relatively strong fiscal position. The public pension funded ratio of approximately 113 to 118 percent means the District’s pension assets exceed its liabilities, a rare position among American jurisdictions. Many states have funded ratios below 80 percent, with significant unfunded liabilities that will require future tax increases or spending cuts. The District’s tax collections per capita of approximately fifteen thousand dollars are among the highest in the nation. This reflects both high per capita income in the District and the aggressive rate structure. By comparison, neighboring Virginia has significantly lower tax collections per capita. Debt per capita of approximately thirty thousand to thirty-two thousand dollars represents the District’s outstanding bonded indebtedness. This figure is moderate compared to some states with high debt burdens but higher than others with low debt. Comparison with Neighboring Jurisdictions Individual income tax rates vary significantly across the region. DC has a top rate of 10.75 percent, the highest in the area. Virginia has a flat rate of 5.75 percent, significantly lower. Maryland has a progressive structure with a top rate of 5.75 percent, also significantly lower than DC. Corporate income tax rates also vary. DC has a rate of 8.25 percent. Virginia has a flat rate of 6.0 percent. Maryland has a rate of 8.25 percent, matching DC. Sales tax rates vary as well. DC has a standard rate of 6.0 percent rising to 7.0 percent. Virginia has a state rate of 5.3 percent plus local add-ons. Maryland has a rate of 6.0 percent. Property tax effective rates on owner-occupied residential property are approximately 0.60 percent in DC, 0.80 percent on average in Virginia, and 1.05 percent on average in Maryland. The estate tax is present in DC with a top rate of 16 percent and an exemption around 4.9 million dollars. Virginia has no estate tax. Maryland has a progressive estate tax with an exemption around 5 million dollars. Planning Implications Taxpayers considering relocation should evaluate the total tax burden across jurisdictions, not just individual income tax rates. Virginia’s flat 5.75 percent rate and absence of an estate tax make it attractive for high-income and high-net-worth individuals. Maryland’s higher property taxes and estate tax make it less attractive for some taxpayers. DC’s high income and property taxes may motivate residents to consider relocation. Nova Tax & Accounting Services can help you evaluate these trade-offs through personalized tax planning . Businesses evaluating expansion should consider the total tax environment, including corporate income tax, sales tax, property tax, and regulatory compliance burdens. Virginia’s lower corporate rate of 6.0 percent is advantageous for many businesses. DC’s lack of throwback rules benefits DC-headquartered companies with significant out-of-state sales, potentially offsetting the higher rate. Our audit and assurance services can help businesses maintain compliance across multiple jurisdictions. Compliance Resources Official sources for tax information include the DC Office of Tax and Revenue , which maintains official DC tax information. The DC Official Code, Title 47 contains complete tax statutes. The Internal Revenue Service provides federal tax forms and guidance. Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton’s website provides information on DC statehood and representation issues. Looking Ahead Several factors will shape DC’s fiscal environment in the coming years. The sales tax rate increase to 7.0 percent effective October 1, 2026, will be fully implemented. The District will need to consider conformity with federal tax changes enacted under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025. Economic migration patterns may shift as high-income residents and business owners consider relocation. DC’s relatively strong pension funded ratio is a positive indicator, but future economic conditions will affect revenue stability and budget pressures. Conclusion Washington DC’s tax system in 2026 presents significant challenges for residents and businesses. The District’s highly progressive individual income tax structure, high property tax burden, and estate tax create substantial compliance obligations and may drive economic activity to neighboring jurisdictions. However, the District maintains a relatively strong fiscal position with a well-funded pension system. For residents and businesses with ties to DC, understanding these

Sales and Use Tax The District imposes a sales tax on retail sales of tangible personal property and selected services. The standard rate is 6.0 percent, though this is scheduled to increase to 7.0 percent beginning October 1, 2026. This increase will affect most retail transactions and requires advance preparation from businesses. Nova Tax & Accounting Services can help businesses prepare for these rate changes with comprehensive accounting and bookkeeping support. Certain transactions are subject to different rates. Parking and storage of motor vehicles are taxed at a rate of 18.0 percent, one of the highest such taxes in the nation. Hotel and transient accommodations are taxed at a rate of over 10 percent on gross receipts, with additional provisions for room remarketers. Food and drink prepared for immediate consumption, as well as alcoholic beverages sold for on-premises consumption, are taxed at 9.0 percent. Rental vehicles and utility trailers are taxed at 9.25 percent. Medical cannabis is taxed at 6.0 percent, with proceeds directed to health-related funds for the current fiscal year. Soft drinks are subject to an 8.0 percent tax. Commercial bingo is taxed at 7.5 percent, and legitimate theaters as well as large entertainment venues with seating capacity of ten thousand or more are taxed at 6.0 percent. Property Taxes The District has one of the highest property tax burdens in the nation. The effective property tax rate on owner-occupied housing is approximately 0.60 to 0.61 percent of housing value, which translates to a significant annual cost for homeowners. DC’s property tax system includes both real property taxes and personal property taxes. Real property tax rates vary by property classification. Class 1 property, which includes owner-occupied residential property, generally receives the lowest rate. Class 2 property, covering commercial and industrial properties, is subject to higher rates. Class 3 property, which includes vacant and blighted properties, receives the highest rates as an incentive for development and productive use of land. For assistance with property tax planning and compliance, consult the experts at Nova Tax & Accounting . Excise Taxes The District imposes several excise taxes on specific products and activities. The motor fuel tax, commonly known as the gasoline tax, is set at a rate of approximately 35.7 cents per gallon as of 2026. This tax is collected at the pump and is used primarily for transportation infrastructure. The cigarette and tobacco excise tax is among the highest in the nation at over five dollars per pack of twenty cigarettes. This rate is intended both to generate significant revenue and to discourage tobacco use through price mechanisms. Research consistently shows that higher cigarette taxes reduce consumption, particularly among younger smokers and lower-income populations. The District also imposes taxes on vaping products and marijuana. Medical cannabis is taxed at 6.0 percent, with proceeds directed to health funds through the current fiscal year. Recreational cannabis is taxed under separate provisions, though the regulatory framework continues to evolve. Vaping products are subject to various tax structures depending on the product type and nicotine content. Recent Legislative Changes Several sales tax changes have been enacted or proposed. The standard sales tax rate will increase from 6.0 percent to 7.0 percent beginning October 1, 2026. Businesses should prepare for this change by updating point-of-sale systems and notifying customers where applicable. Medical cannabis remains taxed at 6.0 percent, with proceeds directed to the Healthy DC and Health Care Expansion Fund for the current fiscal year. Sales tax revenue is partially dedicated to the Arts and Humanities Fund, with dedication percentages declining gradually over time. Planning Implications For businesses, the upcoming sales tax rate increase to 7.0 percent on October 1, 2026, requires system updates and customer communication. Retailers must ensure their point-of-sale systems are reprogrammed with the new rate before the effective date. Online retailers and remote sellers must also update their systems to collect the correct rate for shipments to DC addresses. Restaurants, bars, and other food service establishments should note the varying rates for different product categories, including the higher 9.0 percent rate for prepared food and alcoholic beverages served for on-premises consumption. Expert tax solutions can help businesses navigate these complex rate structures. For property owners, the high property tax burden means that accurate valuation and timely appeals are essential. Homeowners who believe their property has been overvalued should consider filing an appeal with the DC Office of Tax and Revenue. Commercial property owners should evaluate whether their properties are correctly classified, as misclassification can lead to significantly higher tax bills. For consumers, the varying sales tax rates across product categories mean that the total tax paid depends heavily on what is being purchased. The 18.0 percent rate on parking and vehicle storage is particularly notable, as it adds nearly one-fifth to the cost of these services. The 9.0 percent rate on prepared food and alcoholic beverages similarly increases dining costs. Compliance Resources Official sources for sales and property tax information include the DC Office of Tax and Revenue , which provides forms, filing deadlines, and guidance. The DC Official Code, Title 47 contains the complete sales and property tax statutes. Looking Ahead The October 1, 2026 sales tax rate increase to 7.0 percent will be fully implemented during the current calendar year. Businesses should complete their system updates well before the effective date to avoid under-collection or over-collection issues. The District may also consider further expansions of the sales tax base to include additional services, a trend seen in many states as traditional sales tax bases erode due to changing consumption patterns. Property tax appeals and valuation disputes will continue as property values fluctuate with market conditions. Conclusion Washington DC’s sales and property tax systems in 2026 are characterized by high rates, complex structures, and significant compliance burdens. The upcoming sales tax rate increase requires advance preparation from businesses, while the high property tax burden affects homeowners and commercial property owners alike. Understanding these rates and compliance requirements is essential for effective tax planning. Schedule a free consultation with Nova Tax & Accounting to ensure your business or personal finances are fully prepared. Disclaimer: This

The Federal Tax Reality: “Taxation Without Representation” Washington DC occupies a unique position in the American tax landscape. As the nation’s capital, it is neither a state nor a territory, yet its residents and businesses bear significant tax obligations at both the local and federal levels. With federal income tax filing deadlines approaching in April 2026, understanding the District’s tax structure has never been more important. For professional guidance on navigating these complex tax requirements, Nova Tax & Accounting Services provides expert tax preparation and planning for DC residents and businesses. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of DC tax rates, collections, rankings, and compliance requirements for 2026, drawing on official sources including the DC Code and congressional statements. Before examining local taxes, it is essential to understand the unique federal tax position of District residents. Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton has repeatedly emphasized that DC residents pay more federal income taxes per capita than residents of any state and more total federal taxes than many states. Despite this substantial contribution, the District lacks voting representation in Congress and full local self-government. As the April 2026 federal tax filing deadline approaches, Norton reminds taxpayers that the principle of “no taxation without representation” — which gave birth to the nation itself — has yet to be fully applied to citizens of the nation’s capital. This ongoing issue shapes many of DC’s local tax policy debates. DC Individual Income Tax Rates for 2026 The District employs a graduated individual income tax system with rates ranging from the lowest bracket to a top rate of 10.75 percent. For the 2026 tax year, the bracket structure begins with income from zero to a threshold at the lower end of the scale, which is taxed at the lowest marginal rate. As income increases, taxpayers move into successive brackets with progressively higher rates. The second tier applies to income above the first threshold up to a moderate level, taxed at a somewhat higher rate. The third bracket covers income up to a mid-range level, taxed at a still higher rate. The fourth bracket extends from that mid-range level up to a higher threshold, taxed at a significantly increased rate. The fifth bracket applies to income up to a quarter-million dollar level, taxed at a rate approaching the top. The sixth bracket covers income from a half-million dollars up to a million dollars, taxed at a rate just below the maximum. The highest bracket applies to income exceeding one million dollars, which is taxed at the top marginal rate of 10.75 percent. A notable feature of the District’s income tax system is the absence of inflation indexing for tax brackets. As a result, taxpayers may be pushed into higher brackets through cost-of-living adjustments to wages without any corresponding legislative action. Over time, this phenomenon known as “bracket creep” increases the effective tax burden on residents even when their real purchasing power has not increased. Working with a qualified tax professional can help you plan for these bracket changes and optimize your tax position. Nonresident Workers and the Federal Prohibition One of the most distinctive features of DC taxation is the federal prohibition on taxing nonresident workers. Federal law prohibits the District from taxing the income of nonresidents who work in DC. This creates a unique dynamic where workers can live in Virginia or Maryland, commute to DC for employment, and pay no DC income tax, though they remain subject to sales and property taxes on DC transactions. This limitation significantly constrains the District’s revenue base and creates a competitive disadvantage relative to states that can tax all income earned within their borders regardless of the worker’s residence. Commuters from Virginia benefit from that state’s flat 5.75 percent income tax rate, while commuters from Maryland pay that state’s progressive rates, which top out lower than DC’s maximum rate. As a result, high-income workers have a financial incentive to reside outside the District while working within it. Corporate Income Tax The District imposes a corporate income tax rate of 8.25 percent. This rate is comparable to Maryland at the same level but considerably higher than Virginia, which has a flat corporate rate of 6.0 percent as of 2026. Several aspects of DC’s corporate tax structure affect business competitiveness. The District does not impose throwback rules, which generally benefits DC-based companies with significant out-of-state sales. However, unlike many states, DC includes Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income or GILTI in its corporate tax base, making it an outlier nationwide. While the federal government allows significant small business expensing under Section 179, DC caps the deduction at a relatively low amount. The District does not allow special depreciation allowances for C corporations. On the positive side, DC does not impose a gross receipts or capital stock tax, which is a competitive advantage relative to states with such taxes. Planning Implications for DC Residents For individual taxpayers, several considerations apply. High-income earners facing the top marginal rate on income over one million dollars should consider year-end planning strategies including tax-loss harvesting to offset capital gains, charitable contribution bunching taking advantage of the universal charitable deduction where applicable, and careful timing of bonus and compensation income. Expert tax solutions can help you implement these strategies effectively. Retirees should note that DC has no special income tax treatment for retirement income beyond standard deductions and exemptions. Retirees with significant pension or IRA distributions should plan accordingly, potentially considering relocation to jurisdictions with more favorable retirement tax treatment. For commuters, nonresidents who work in DC do not pay DC income tax, but their employers may still be subject to DC withholding requirements for non-wage compensation. Compliance Resources Taxpayers needing additional information should consult the DC Office of Tax and Revenue for official DC tax forms, filing deadlines, and guidance. The DC Official Code, Title 47 contains the complete tax statutes as codified. The Internal Revenue Service provides federal tax forms, instructions, and filing information. Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton’s website provides information on DC statehood and “no taxation without representation” efforts. Looking Ahead Several factors will shape DC’s individual income tax environment in the coming years.